The firearm licensing systems in these three nations show striking contrasts in their approach and implementation.
Application Processes:
The application processes reveal major differences in complexity and requirements. India operates one of the world’s strictest systems. Applicants must provide two character certificates, physical and mental fitness certificates, narcotics tests, and three years of income tax returns. The U.S. system takes a different path. Each state has its own process – some require permits to purchase while others need safety certificates.
Pakistan uses a dual-system approach. Both federal and provincial governments issue two types of licenses: Prohibited Bore and Non-Prohibited Bore. Prohibited Bore (PB) encompasses firearms such as 9 mm handguns and .303 rifles, typically limited to security personnel and certain government officials confronting significant dangers. On the other hand, Non-Prohibited Bore (NPB) encompasses calibers like .35, .32, .22, and .380, which civilians can seek to own following a stringent licensing procedure.
Background Check Requirements:
Each country takes a unique approach to background verification. In the United States Background checks are mandatory for only 40% of gun sales through federally licensed dealers. However, the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) delivers results within minutes, ensuring a quick response for those transactions.
In recent years, the Department of Justice (DOJ) has expanded requirements to include not only sales through licensed dealers but also gun shows and online sales, aiming to close gaps and strengthen gun purchase regulations.
In India, the detailed verification process for gun ownership includes several rigorous steps. First, there is a 60-day police review period during which the applicant’s background is thoroughly assessed. This is followed by a mental health assessment to ensure the applicant is fit to own a firearm.
Additionally, interviews with family members and neighbors are conducted to gather further insights into the applicant’s character and behavior. Lastly, a criminal record verification is performed to check for any past legal issues that might disqualify the individual from owning a firearm.
The specific background check requirements for obtaining a gun license in Pakistan can vary depending on the type of license and the jurisdiction. Generally, applicants must have a clean criminal record, demonstrating no convictions that would disqualify them from responsible firearm ownership. They must also provide a legitimate reason for owning a firearm, such as self-defense, professional needs, or participation in shooting sports. Authorities may conduct investigations into the applicant’s character and conduct to assess their suitability for firearm ownership.
Applicants must undergo a mental health history verification to ensure they are fit to own a weapon. A criminal record check is also conducted to identify any past legal issues that might disqualify the individual. Additionally, age verification is required, with the minimum age set at 21 years. In some cases, a mental health assessment may be required to ensure the applicant is of sound mind and does not pose a risk to themselves or others.
Licensing and approval:
In the USA, at the federal level, there is no single, national gun license issued. When purchasing from a licensed dealer, a background check is typically conducted through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Upon successful completion, the dealer can proceed with the sale. However, state laws vary significantly. Some states require a permit to purchase a firearm, with a successful background check being a crucial step in obtaining this permit.
Similarly, if a state requires a license to carry a concealed or openly carried firearm, the background check is a key component of the licensing process. The specific procedures and timelines for obtaining these licenses or permits differ greatly between states. It’s important to note that some states may have waiting periods after a successful background check before a firearm can be legally acquired.
Following a successful background check, the licensing authority, often the District Magistrate or a designated police official, conducts a thorough review of the application, including the background check results and all supporting documents.
This is followed by a comprehensive investigation to assess the applicant’s character, suitability for firearm ownership, and the legitimacy of their stated reason for seeking a gun license. This may involve inquiries within the applicant’s community or with relevant agencies. If all checks and assessments are successfully completed, the licensing authority will issue the gun license, which typically specifies the type of firearm permitted, the number of rounds allowed, and any other relevant conditions or restrictions.
In Pakistan, the licensing authority, often the District Magistrate or a designated police official, meticulously reviews the application, including the background check results and all supporting documents. Subsequently, a thorough investigation is undertaken to comprehensively assess the applicant’s character, suitability for firearm ownership, and the legitimacy of their stated reason for seeking a gun license.
This may involve inquiries within the applicant’s community or with relevant agencies. Upon successful completion of all checks and assessments, the licensing authority will issue the gun license, which typically specifies the type of firearm permitted, the number of rounds allowed, and any other relevant conditions or restrictions.
Renewal and Monitoring:
Each country handles license renewals and monitoring differently. Indian licenses need renewal every three years. U.S.A. requirements vary by state. California sets a 5-year validity period, while Hawaii demands annual renewal for long guns. Pakistan has modernized its monitoring system. Punjab now uses a digital database through National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) for better tracking.
Continue Reading: Chapter -5: Gun Violence
